See also:
Girls Normal School, Ochanozmizu, c. 1910.
The 1st Higher School, Tokyo, c. 1910.
Futaba-kai School, Tokyo, c. 1910.
“Little boys and girls of aristocratic birth were brought to this kindergarten carefully protected by their servants, some wrapped in soft silk quilts and riding on the nurses’ knees in the rikishas, as if their parents were afraid even a soft wind might bring them harm.”
– Facing Two Ways: The Story of My Life, Shizue Kato, 1935
Like Eton College in England, the Peers’ School in Japan had its significance in educating Japan’s young aristocrats who were expected to grow up to become Japan’s next generation of leaders. First founded in 1842 under the name Gakushūjo in Kyoto by Emperor Ninko (1817-1846), the Peers’ School [Gakushuin] was purposed to educate the children of the Imperial aristocracy, including daimyo [provincial lords] and lesser imperial families. Emperor Ninko had four maxims inscribed on the walls of the Gakushūjo:
1. Walk in the paths trodden by the feet of the great sages.
2. Revere the righteous canons of the empire.
3. He that has not learned the sacred doctrines, how can he govern himself?
4. He that is ignorant of the classics, how can he regulate his own conduct?
With the final great wave of political upheaval settled, with the collapse of the Satsuma Rebellion, Emperor Meiji commanded in 1877 that the Imperial Household to re-establish the Peers’ School in Tokyo, providing for the additional enrollment of children from Japan’s newly established industrialist and mercantile classes. Renamed then to Gakushūin, its education at that time was characterized by a stronger emphasis on military education and physical exercise. Swimming, martial arts and equestrian skills were all incorporated into the Gakushūin curricula. The school also adopted a naval officer-type uniform for male students in 1879 and, in 1885, its students began to use school satchels modeled on military backpacks.
A decade after the relocation of the Peers’ School, Empress Haruko established the Peeresses’ School in 1887. The two schools would merge in 1906.
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